Minor 9th (m9)

m7 + 9th

Prove it — just do the practice exercise.
Dm9 Root Position
D (R)F (♭3)A (5)C (♭7)E (9)
The m9 extends m7:

• R – ♭3 – 5 – ♭7 – 9

Softer than m7 with extra color. Typical as ii chord in ii-V-I.

Example: Dm9 = D + F + A + C + E